Welcome to the web
page for GEL 60 Earth Materials
Contact Info:
Jim Rustad
jrrustad@ucdavis.edu
Office Hours:
Wed. 11:00-12:00 (PHYGEO 196)
Thurs. 2:30-3:30 (PHYGEO 395)
and by appointment
Structure movies are now available
on YouTube.
Search under jrrustad
Problem Set 1 Text
Shells, Unicorns, Fish
Problem Set 2
Key for Problem Set 1
Key for Problem Set 2
Summary of Material
through Wed 10/10/2007
Friday Oct 12, Chemical
Bonding, Ion size and charge (lecture
notes)
Here is the bottom line from this lecture:
atom% Charge
Radius (angstroms)
in crust
Oxygen
47
2-
1.3
Silicon
28
4+
0.3
Aluminum
8
3+ 0.5
Iron
4
3+/2+
0.7 (0.85 Fe2+)
Calcium
4
2+ 1.1
Sodium
2
1+
1.1
Potassium
2
1+ 1.4
Magnesium
2 2+
0.8
Titanium
0.5
4+
0.65
Hydrogen
0.1
1+ ------
Know the order of crustal
abundance (first column), the
charges and the
sizes of all these
ions. That's all.
Practice question:
The mineral olivine is a mixture of forsterite (Mg2SiO4)
and fayalite (Fe2SiO4).
Which component would be expected to melt at a higher temperature?
Why?
Monday 15 Oct Creation of
Ions, Coordination Number, No Rattle Rule (lecture notes)
Pictures of quartz, ice, garnet
to illustrate the concept that the Earth's crust consists basically
of close packed oxygen atoms with cations in the cavities.
Wed 17 Oct. Sharing of
oxygens between coordination polyhedra, Electrostatic Valency Principle
Classification of minerals (no notes posted--main thing is to know how
to calculate Pauling bond
strengths--you can practice on the overheads from Friday 19 Oct lecture)
Friday 19 Oct Visualizing
Crystal Structures, Crystalmaker code, Carbonate Minerals (overheads)
Xtalmaker files (calcite,
aragonite, dolomite)
Monday 22 Oct Phosphates
Sulfates Borates (powerpoint
presentation)
Movies (apatite1
apatite2
turquoise gypsum anhydrite borax)
Xtalmaker files (apatite,
turquoise, gypsum, anhydrite, borax)
Wednesday 24 Oct Oxides,
Hydroxides,
Halides (powerpoint
presentation)
Movies (hematite/corundum,
rutile, spinel, goethite, gibbsite, brucite, fluorite, perovskite)
Xtalmaker files (hematite/corundum,
rutile, spinel, goethite,gibbsite,brucite,fluorite,perovskite)
Friday 26 Oct Special Guest
Lecture Prof. Casey Environmental Earth Materials
Monday 29 Oct Silicate
Structures (notes in powerpoint)
Wed 31 Oct Olivine and Garnet (powerpoint presentation)
Movies (olivine, garnet)
Xtalmaker files (olivine, garnet)
Friday 2 Nov Single-Chain
Silicates (notes in pdf)
Remember-- there are four main structures, protoenstatite, enstatite,
pigeonite, diopside
Xtalmaker files (protoenstatite,
enstatite, pigeonite, diopside)
Monday 5 Nov Exam
Wednesday 7 Nov Double Chain
Silicates (amphiboles, we also finished up single chain; notes in pdf)
Friday 9 Nov Layer Silicates (notes in pdf)
Monday 12 Nov Holiday
Wed 14 Nov Exam retake
Friday 16 Nov Silica Polymorphs
(no notes on this, main thing is to understand reconstructive and
displacive phase transformations)
Monday 19 Nov Feldspars (Si-Al ordering schemes
(pdf) ) (structure movie, K-coordination movie
(sanidine), Ca coordination movie
(anorthite))
Xtalmaker files (sanidine, microcline, albite,
anorthite)
Wed 21 Nov Color in Minerals (notes in pdf----fayalite, corundum
and beryl
supporting movies in quicktime format)
we only got through
crystal field transitions today--
Monday we finish with charge-transfer
transitions ligand-metal and metal-metal,
and also color centers, both
of which are in the notes)
Monday 26 Nov Finish color
Wed 28 Nov X-Ray Determination
of Crystal Structure
Friday 30 Nov Guest
Appearance by Patrick Senge, Mineral Stability I (Phases,
Components)
Monday 3 Dec Mineral Stability
II (Energy and Entropy; Free Energy)
Wed 5 Dec Equation
of State (in free energy notes), Phase Rule
Friday 7 Dec Wrap-up and Review
of Major Concepts
For the final- my advice is to
spend some time studying the pyroxenes
in addition
to the "Review of Major Concepts" slides for Dec 7. Know the
pyroxene
quadrilateral, and the names of the 4 important pyroxene structures
(protoenstatite, orthopyroxene, pigeonite, clinopyroxene) and what
distinguishes them.
Also know the jadeite substitution (Na+Al = Ca+Mg), and the Tschermak
substitution (Mg+Si=2Al).
You will be given a periodic table.
A calculator will not be necessary.
You must know the chemical formulas and names for the following
minerals:
Mineral Formulas
There will be a mineral formulas test as a part of the final.
If you wish you may take the mineral formulas test any Thursday
2:30-3:30 from
now until the end of the quarter. If you get the score you want,
you can skip that
part of the final exam.
You can take the test as often as you wish and take the highest score.
Here is a copy of last years midterm.
We have covered somewhat different material,
but this gives you an idea of what the test will be like
Here is a copy of last years
final. (here is the
diagram for problem 10) Again we covered different material to some
extent.
In particular, we did nothing with color last year. Don't worry
about the silica toxicity question.