The Amniote Radiation

• Phylogram of early amniotes. Figure 10.1.
• Comparison of skull characteristics of major amniote groups
• Anapsid skull. Figure 10.2a.
• Diapsid skull. Figure 10.2b.
• Synapsid skull. Figure 10.2c.
• Amniote postures. Paul Olsen's Earthscape site.

Synapsids

• Synapsid skull. Tree of Life site.
• The variety of synapsid skulls. Tree of Life site.

Pelycosaur Biology and Ecology

• Dimetrodon skull bones
• Phylogram of pelycosaurs. Figure 10.3.

  Carnivorous Pelycosaurs

  • Haptodus. Equivalent of Fig. 10.5
  • Skull of Ophiacodon. Figure 10.4.
  • The sphenacodont Sphenacodon from the Palaeos site.
  • Dimetrodon grandis from the Palaeos site.
  • Tetraceratops painting

  Vegetarian Pelycosaurs

  • Skull of Cotylorhynchus. Figure 10.7.
  • Ennatosaurus from Russia.
  • Edaphosaurus

  Pelycosaur Thermoregulation

  A Dimetrodon's day. Figure 10.10.

  Permian Climate and Floras

  • Ice on Gondwana. Figure 10.11.
  • gingko
  • cycad.

Therapsid Evolution

Dinocephalians

• The skull of Estemmenosuchus.
• Drawing of Estemmenosuchus skull. Figure 10.14.
• Keratocephalus. RC photo, Figure 10.12. Specimen in museum at Tübingen University.
• Kannemeyeria skeleton. South African Museum.
• Moschops skeleton. South African Museum.

Theriodonts dominated the early Late Permian of Russia.

• The skull of the sabertooth theriodont Eotitanosuchus
• The saber tooth of Ivantosaurus. Figure 10.15.
• Titanophoneus
• Skull of Titanophoneus
• Inostrancevia.
• The small theriodont Annatherapsidus reconstructed as otter-like.

Gorgonopsians were specialist carnivores on large prey.

• Skeleton of Lycaenops
• Reconstruction of Lycaenops
• The gorgonopsian Rubidgea. South African Museum.

Cynodonts

• The predatory Cynognathus
• Cynognathus
• Several alternative reconstructions of Cynognathus

Dicynodonts:the first truly abundant worldwide herbivores.

• a dicynodont from Russia.
• Diictodon painting. South African Museum.
• Group of Diictodon. South African Museum.
• Tusks, sexual dimorphism, and inferred display/fighting in Diictodon from South Africa.
• The dicynodont Emydops. South African Museum.
• Skull of Emydops. South African Museum.
• Lystrosaurus:
  • Lystrosaurus drawing. Paul Olsen's Earthscape site.
  • Lystrosaurus skull drawing. Paul Olsen's Earthscape site.
  • Skull of Lystrosaurus from South Africa
  • Drawing of Lystrosaurus. South African Museum.
  • Lystrosaurus from Russia.
  • Lystrosaurus at National Geographic
  • Are these Lystrosaurus footprints?

Page last updated November 11, 2004.

Links checked August 25, 2004.

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