Images for Chapter Eight: Leaving the Water

The Earliest (Fossil) Land Floras

Early (Silurian) vascular plants.

• Rather like Zosterophyllum: University of North Carolina magazine

Late Silurian and Early Devonian Plants

• Cooksonia
• Cooksonia.
• Cooksonia: Figure 8.4.
• Drawing of Baragwanathia

The Rhynie Chert

• Aglaophyton
• Stoma of Aglaoophyton with guard cells
• Section through the stem of Rhynia.
• Reconstruction of Rhynia.

Psilotum

• A living Psilotum from Wayne Armstrong's Wayne's Word.
• The spore-bearing organs (sporangia) on a living Psilotum. From Wayne Armstrong's Wayne's Word.

Trimerophytes

• Pertica quadrifaria: Maine's State Fossil, 390 Ma.
• This is Calamites .
• Today their descendants are horsetails
• Living horsetail from Wayne Armstrong's Wayne's Word.
• The living horsetail Equisetum from Wayne Armstrong's Wayne's Word.
• Fossil Equisetum (Eocene age) from Wayne Armstrong's Wayne's Word.
• Bag of horsetail tea from Wayne Armstrong's Wayne's Word.
• A sphenophyte, Annularia, from the Carboniferous Mazon Creek of Illinois. From Wayne Armstrong's Wayne's Word.

Devonian Plant Ecology: the first trees and forests

• Archaeopteris, the first abundant and widespread tree. Figure 8.7.
• Reconstruction of Archaeopteris
• An Archaeopteris stump
• Archaeopteris from the Canadian Geological Survey.
• A frond of Archaeopteris. Photo © Richard Cowen

The First Land Animals

• Arthropleura.
• An Arthropleura trackway
• A spider from the Rhynie Chert.
• Reconstruction of a Rhynie spider

Aspects of Air Breathing

• Mudskipper and burrow
• Mudskipper face-off
• A basking crocodile. Figure 8.11.

The First Tetrapods

• A late osteolepiform, Osteolepis: Figure 8.9.
• Fins on the osteolepiform Eusthenopteron: Figure 8.10.
• Evolution of forelimb from fin to foot
• How fish swim: Figure 8.12a.
• How tetrapods walk: Figure 8.12b.
• The earliest amphibian discovered so far is Elginerpeton.
• Tibia of Elginerpeton: Figure 8.13.
• New tetrapod humerus from Pennsylvania, 2004.
• Tetrapod with humerus
• Early feet: Figure 8.14.
• Acanthostega hand with 8 fingers
• Skeleton of Acanthostega
• Model of Acanthostega skeleton
• The Acanthostega called Grace
• Skull reconstruction of Acanthostega
• Jenny Clack's reconstruction of Acanthostega.
• Photo of Ichthyostega skull
• Sketch reconstruction of Ichthyostega skull
• Hindlimb of Ichthyostega
• Seven fingers of Ichthyostega (well, six and a half)
• Jenny Clack's new reconstruction of the Ichthyostega skeleton.

Page last updated November 11, 2004.

Links checked August 25, 2004.

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