|
|
|
Volatile Transport and Accumulation Timescales Modeled using 210Pb-226Ra Disequilibrium in Tephras From Mount Pinatubo Volcano, Philippines: Moving From the Timescales of 222Rn to 210Pb
Kayzar, T M - University of Washington, Dept. of Earth and Space Sciences, Box 351310, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
Cooper, K M - University of California at Davis, Dept. of Geology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
Reagan, M K - University of Iowa, Dept. of Geoscience, 121 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
Kent, A J - Oregon State University, Dept. of Geosciences, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
Kress, V C - University of Washington, Dept. of Earth and Space Sciences, Box 351310, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
We measured 210Pb-222Rn-226Ra disequilibria in samples representing a time sequence
through the June 15, 1991 cataclysmic eruption tephras of Mount Pinatubo volcano, Philippines. Previous U-
series degassing studies have interpreted 210Pb excess to indicate rapid volatile transport (differential
222Rn motion) and subsequent volatile accumulation. Mount Pinatubo deposits show evidence for volatile
saturation and the presence of a pre-eruptive volatile phase. In addition, intensive monitoring at Mount Pinatubo
prior to eruption provides gas emissions levels which allow us to decouple gas accumulation from passive
degassing. Because the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo was well studied, Mount Pinatubo is a uniquely
constrained system with which to test hypotheses for the generation of 210Pb-226Ra disequilibria.
Analyzed tephra units have (210Pb/226Ra)0 values that fall outside of equilibrium given
2σ analytical errors. These samples exhibit 210Pb excesses with (210Pb/226Ra)0
ranging from 1.079 to 1.119. The highest excess occurs in the 1992 dome sample extruded after the climactic
eruption. Differential gas motion and gas accumulation are typically called upon to generate 210Pb excess;
however, we find that physical bubble rise and gas fluxing through a permeable media are an ineffective means
of 222Rn transport in Pinatubo's dacitic magma reservoir. Calculated Stokes rise velocities show that
bubbles in dacite magma rise slower than is needed to allow for a flux of 222Rn large enough to generate
measurable disequilibria in the 210Pb -226Ra system. Instead, we present a conceptual model in
which 210Pb -226Ra disequilibria is established during basaltic under-plating of the magma reservoir.
Basaltic magma has a viscosity low enough to allow for differential gas motion and the mobilization of
222Rn. 222Rn decays to 210Pb, imparting a 210Pb signal to melt at the bubble walls. The
timescale of gas transport and accumulation is then constrained not by the half-life of 222Rn (3.8 days) but
rather by the half-life of 210Pb (22.6 years). Our results suggest that the transport of buoyant melts
containing exsolved volatiles is a physically viable way to preserve fractionation signals in the 210Pb -
226Ra system and alleviates the need for gas transport on very short time-scales. Further analyses of
major and trace elements, including Li measurements, are currently in progress to provide additional constraints
on volatile fluxing.
|